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Commissioner Michele Lazarow Champions Ban On Glyphosate in Hallandale Beach FL

BREAKING: Michele Lazarow Hallandale Beach City Commissioner & the City of Hallandale Beach Government supports consumers right to ban harmful pesticides, herbicides –Glyphosate (Monsanto’s Roundup).

Hallandale Bch, FL – Jan 9th, 2019 – The City of Hallandale Beach became the third city in Florida to unanimously pass a resolution in favor of banning pesticides and herbicides i.e., glyphosate (Monsanto roundup) utilizing non-toxic, viable alternatives.

In light of the Dewayne Johnson (Monsanto Cancer Trial) The IARC and the W.H.O., citing Glyphosate is a probable human carcinogen, and because glyphosate contributes to feeding red tides and cyanobacteria, the City of Hallandale Beach recognize a potential public health threat and will persue non-toxic alternatives to protect its citizens. (See below studies, links and info)

“We are especially grateful to Commissioner Lazarow for her constant effort and support of labeling GMOs, banning antibiotics in livestock, banning puppy mills and most recently, her support for the use of alternatives instead of harmful pesticides, herbicides & glyphosate. –The volunteers of GMO Free Florida”

Consumers are asking for safer alternatives. Today we have a long list of scientific studies showing long-term risks to public health and the environment from the over usage of glyphosate. A special thanks to Plant Based Consultant for taking on this endeavor Bound by Beauty and Pesticide Free Miami for their resolutions in North Miami and Miami Beach.

To Learn More Please Visit:
GMO Free Florida (Genetically Modified Organisms) www.gmofreeflorida.org

Sign + share the petition to show your support to help Ban Glyphosate in FL https://actionnetwork.org/p…/help-ban-glyphosate-in-florida…

If you’d like to hear more about viable alternatives to glyphosate that are non-toxic Reach out to Howard Vlieger at studentofthesoil@gmail.com


*See more:

STUDIES: Part 1.
Glyphosate is the active chemical ingredient in Monsanto’s Roundup; a broad spectrum nutrient and mineral chelator; an endocrine and hormone disruptor; a patented antibiotic that is sprayed on GMO food crops; used as a ripening/drying agent on non-organic crops such as wheat, legumes, sugar, nuts, seeds; sprayed on lawns, sidewalks, children’s parks and schools; and is found in our waterways, rainwater, soil & air.

Deemed by The W.H.O as a “Probable Human Carcinogen” and most recently, “Roundup causes Liver Disease in Low Doses” there are hundreds of studies that show harm from glyphosate. It is important to practice Precautionary Principle. There is no acceptable level of glyphosate in our bodies or the environment and for this reason we are calling for a moratorium on glyphosate in the State of Florida. Glyphosate is found in over 750 products and around 650 million tons have been used in 2013 alone.

Glyphosate based herbicides are the most widely used in the world and their use has increased exponentially over the last 20 years (Benbrook 2016).
In March, 2015, The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), the specialized cancer agency of the World Health Organization (WHO) concluded that there is sufficient evidence of glyphosate’s carcinogenicity in experimental animals and classified glyphosate as probably carcinogenic to humans. (The International Agency for Research on Cancer 2015)

Studies suggest glyphosate based herbicides at realistic doses may be an endocrine disruptor (Thongprakaisang 2013, Gasnier 2009) which may reduce testosterone levels (Clair 2012, Abarikwu 2015), impair sperm quality (Abarikwu 2015), or could cause disturbances in the reproductive development of experimental animals when the exposure was performed during puberty (Romano 2010) which may occur in humans as well.

According to The President’s Cancer Panel:
It is vitally important to recognize that children are far more susceptible to damage from environmental carcinogens and endocrine-disrupting compounds than adults. To the extent possible, parents and child care providers should choose foods, house and garden products, play spaces, toys, medicines, and medical tests that will minimize children’s exposure to toxics. Ideally, both women and men should avoid exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and known or suspected carcinogens prior to a child’s conception and throughout pregnancy and early life, when risk of damage is greatest (The President’s Cancer Panel 2010).

Other studies have reported kidney damage and liver damage including the potential for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (Abarikwu 2015, Benedetti 2004, Séralini 2014, Mesnage 2015, Mesnage 2017) and observed intestine smooth muscle activity disturbances in experimental animals all at realistic doses. (Chłopecka 2014).

Since glyphosate and its metabolites have been detected in air, rain, and water (Majewski 2007, Battaglin 2014), and may be sprayed in parks or schools where children will be exposed, it is virtually impossible to minimize children’s exposure to these toxins.

Therefore, we call on legislators in Florida to take the precautionary principle to impose a moratorium on glyphosate based herbicides used in Florida to protect our children and prevent our people, pets, wildlife and endangered species from being exposed and our waterways and ecosystems from being contaminated. Glyphosate is a probable endocrine disruptor and probable human carcinogen that has already been banned in many Cities, Counties and Countries around the world.


Sources:
Abarikwu SO, Akiri OF, Durojaiye MA, Adenike A.(2015) Combined effects of repeated administration of Bretmont Wipeout (glyphosate) and Ultrazin (atrazine) on testosterone, oxidative stress and sperm quality of Wistar rats. Toxicol Mech Methods. 2015 Jan;25(1):70-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25403740

Battaglin, W.A., M.T. Meyer, K.M. Kuivila, and J.E. Dietze, 2014. Glyphosate and Its Degradation Product AMPA Occur Frequently and Widely in U.S. Soils, Surface Water, Groundwater, and Precipitation. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 50(2): 275-290. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/…/doi/10.1111/jawr.12159/full

Benbrook, C. M. (2016). Trends in glyphosate herbicide use in the United States and globally. Environmental Sciences Europe, 28(1), 1. http://enveurope.springeropen.com/…/10.11…/s12302-016-0070-0

Benedetti AL, Vituri CdL, Trentin AG, Domingues MA, Alvarez- Silva M. (2004) The effects of sub-chronic exposure of Wistar rats to the herbicide Glyphosate-Biocarb. Toxicol Lett. 153(2): 227–232. http://www.sciencedirect.com/…/article/pii/S0378427404002188

Magdalena Chłopecka, Marta Mendel, Natalia Dziekan, Wojciech Karlik (2014) Glyphosate affects the spontaneous motoric activity of intestine at very low doses – In vitro study. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, June 2014 http://www.sciencedirect.com/…/article/pii/S0048357514000947

Clair E, Mesnage R, Travert C, Séralini GÉ. (2012) A glyphosate-based herbicide induces necrosis and apoptosis in mature rat testicular cells in vitro, and testosterone decrease at lower levels. Toxicol In Vitro. Mar;26(2):269-79. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22200534

Gasnier C, Dumont C, Benachour N, Clair E, Chagnon MC, Séralini GE (2009) Glyphosate-based herbicides are toxic and endocrine disruptors in human cell lines. Toxicology. Aug 21;262(3):184-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19539684

Majewski, M. S., Coupe, R. H., Foreman, W. T., & Capel, P. D. (2014). Pesticides in Mississippi air and rain: a comparison between 1995 and 2007.Environmental toxicology and chemistry, 33(6), 1283-1293. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24549493

Mesnage, R., Arno, M., Costanzo, M., Malatesta, M., Séralini, G. E., & Antoniou, M. N. (2015). Transcriptome profile analysis reflects rat liver and kidney damage following chronic ultra-low dose Roundup exposure. Environmental Health, 14(1), 1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4549093/

Mesnage, R. et al. Multiomics reveal non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats following chronic exposure to an ultra-low dose of Roundup herbicide. Sci. Rep. 7, 39328; doi: 10.1038/srep39328 (2017). http://www.nature.com/articles/srep39328

Romano RM, Romano MA, Bernardi MM, Furtado PV, Oliveira CA. (2010) Prepubertal exposure to commercial formulation of the herbicide glyphosate alters testosterone levels and testicular morphology. Arch Toxicol. Apr;84(4):309-17. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20012598

Gilles-Eric Séralini, Emilie Clair, Robin Mesnage, Steeve Gress, Nicolas Defarge, Manuela Malatesta, Didier Hennequin and Joël Spiroux de Vendômois (2014) Republished study: long-term toxicity of a Roundup herbicide and a Roundup-tolerant genetically modified maize. Environmental Sciences Europe , 26:14 http://www.enveurope.com/content/26/1/14

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (2015) IARC Monographs Volume 112: evaluation of five organophosphate insecticides and herbicides. http://www.iarc.fr/…/me…/iarcnews/pdf/MonographVolume112.pdf and http://monographs.iarc.fr/…/Monographs/vol112/mono112-02.pdf

The President’s Cancer Panel (2010) REDUCING ENVIRONMENTAL CANCER RISK What We Can Do Now. 2008–2009 Annual Report. http://deainfo.nci.nih.gov/…/pcp08…/PCP_Report_08-09_508.pdf

Thongprakaisang S, Thiantanawat A, Rangkadilok N, Suriyo T, Satayavivad J. (2013) Glyphosate induces human breast cancer cells growth via estrogen receptors. Food Chem Toxicol. Sep;59:129-36. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23756170

Part 2.

Glyphosate should be banned to reduce harmful cyanobacterial blooms and red tides.

Glyphosate is the “so-called” active chemical ingredient in Roundup herbicide as well as many other name brand glyphosate-based weedkillers. Glyphosate based herbicides are the most widely used in the world and glyphosate use has increased almost 15-fold in the last 20 years.(Benbrook 2016) Glyphosate is a phosphonate-based herbicide which requires phosphate mining.(Dissent 2017) The process by which glyphosate is made has led to a superfund site due to radioactive waste materials, groundwater pollution and mercury emissions.(Dissent 2017) Glyphosate is a broad spectrum nutrient and mineral chelator(Johal 2009); an endocrine and hormone disruptor(Gasnier 2009, Myers 2016); a patented antibiotic((United States Patent 7,771,736) that is sprayed on GMO food crops; used as a ripening/drying agent on non-organic crops such as wheat, legumes, sugar, nuts, seeds; sprayed on lawns, sidewalks, children’s parks and schools; and is found in our waterways, rainwater, soil & air.(Majewski 2014, Battaglin 2014)

Glyphosate’s role in harmful cyanobacterial blooms and Red Tide.

Harmful cyanobacteria such as Microcystis aeruginosa are naturally resistant to glyphosate and low levels of glyphosate in a water body stimulates the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa which can cause blooms.(Zhang 2016) Since Microcystis aeruginosa is resistant to glyphosate
glyphosate inhibits the growth of other phytoplankton which would normally compete with Microcystis aeruginosa for nutrients. This further allows Microcystis aeruginosa to flourish in the presence of glyphosate.(Harris 2016) Florida Fish and Wildlife have repeatedly sprayed in and around Lake Okeechobee with glyphosate-based herbicides such as Roundup Custom, Rodeo and Aquaneat(Florida Fish and Wildlife 2015, Florida Fish and Wildlife 2016) Glyphosate can also find its way into water bodies even when not directly applied to water through runoff.(Majewski 2014, Battaglin 2014) Once Microcystis aeruginosa blooms occur this cyanobacteria can spread not only through connecting waterways, but also through an airborne route.(Lee 1989) This means that areas which are not connected by water to a source of Microcystis aeruginosa can still be contaminated even if it is miles away. Since Microcystis aeruginosa spreads through the air it could find its way into other water bodies. If these other water bodies have also been sprayed with glyphosate based herbicides it could also stimulate the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa which can cause blooms in these other water bodies.

Trichodesmium is saltwater cyanobacteria found in the Gulf of Mexico and can sometimes be found in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Florida. Trichodesmium fixes nitrogen so it provides nutrients that increases the growth of Karenia brevis which is responsible for red tides.(Mulholland 2006) Like Microcystis aeruginosa, Trichodesmium also uses glyphosate as a source of phosphorus.(Dyhrman 2006) Therefore, the use of glyphosate by Trichodesmium can lead to saltwater cyanobacterial blooms which leads to an increase in nitrogen which then causes Karenia brevis blooms which leads to red tides.

Harms from Microcystis and glyphosate.

Microcystis aeruginosa produces cyanotoxins such as microcystins and BMAA . Exposure to these cyanotoxins may cause harmful effects such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(Albadrani 2017) and cancer.(Hernández 2009) Since toxins from Microcystis aeruginosa can be spread through the air and find their way into drinking water all people within several miles of a Microcystis aeruginosa bloom will likely be exposed to the cyanotoxins.

Like Microcystis aeruginosa, studies have also reported exposure to glyphosate-based herbicides can cause kidney and liver damage including the potential for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, in some cases at glyphosate levels as low as .05 parts per billion. (Abarikwu 2015, Benedetti 2004, Seralini 2014, Mesnage 2015, Mesnage 2017). Glyphosate-based herbicides have also been linked to cancer. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), the specialized cancer agency of the World Health Organization (WHO), concluded that there is sufficient evidence of glyphosate’s carcinogenicity in experimental animals and classified glyphosate as probably carcinogenic to humans (International Agency for Research on Cancer 2015). A jury in U.S. federal court in California delivered a $289 million verdict against Monsanto, the primary manufacturer of glyphosate-based herbicides, on behalf of a school groundskeeper who developed non-Hodgkins lymphoma after repeated exposure to Monsanto’s Roundup herbicide. The verdict stated Monsanto acted with malice failing to warn of the risk of developing non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, a form of cancer, from exposure to glyphosate. Currently about 8,700 other people diagnosed with Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma after being exposed to a glyphosate-based herbicide are also suing Monsanto. (CBS/AP 2018, Marketwatch 9/5/2018)

Glyphosate exposure may also reduce testosterone levels (Clair 2012, Abarikwu 2015), impair sperm quality (Abarikwu 2015, Owagboriaye 2017), or cause disturbances in the reproductive development when exposed during puberty (Romano 2010). Along with an increase in glyphosate use there has been a 500% average increase in the level of glyphosate found in human urine. (Mills 2017) One study found higher urinary glyphosate levels in pregnant women was associated with a shortened gestational length which is associated with a reduction in lifetime cognitive achievement (Parvez 2018). Another study observed humans that were chronically ill had significantly higher glyphosate residues in their urine than their healthy counterparts (Kruger 2014).

Environmental harms from Microcystis and glyphosate.

Studies have observed harm to aquatic organisms, such as fish, from both glyphosate and cyanotoxins from Microcystis aeruginosa.(de Freitas Goncalves 2017, Glyphosate Studies) Other aquatic organisms such as amphibians may also be harmed by both glyphosate and cyanotoxins from Microcystis aeruginosa at low levels.(Zhang 2013, Glyphosate Studies). Glyphosate based herbicides have been a major contributor in the reduction of the monarch butterfly and has been shown to alter bee behavior.(Glyphosate Studies) Glyphosate based herbicides can also harm beneficial insects such as the green lacewig and two spotted ladybug.(Glyphosate Studies) Other beneficial organisms such as several spiders and earthworms are also adversely impacted by glyphosate based herbicide use.(Glyphosate Studies)

Banning or restricting glyphosate

In Florida the city of North Miami passed a resolution to severely restrict glyphosate and other harmful pesticides.(North Miami 2017) To accomplish this the city adopted the San Francisco Hazard Tier which only allows the least harmful pesticides to be used regularly and severely restricts the use of harmful pesticides.(San Francisco Hazard Tier) In Miami Beach City a resolution was passed to ban glyphosate use on all city-owned properties.(Community News 2018) Other Florida cities such as Venice(Herald-Trubune 2018) and Stuart(WFLX 2018) are working towards banning or restricting glyphosate as well. Numerous other countries and cities have also banned or severely restricted glyphosate(Baum Hedlund 2018)

Alternatives to glyphosate

Mechanical methods for above ground use would include flame weeding, steam weeding and foam weeding. Also rotary cultivators work as does a basic scuffle hoe. Chemical methods include the use of vinegar for certain plants.(Moms Across America 2018)

Alternative methods to the use of glyphosate-based herbicides for reducing weeds in a water body depend on the conditions. If the weeds are above the surface of the water control could be accomplished with mechanical, biological, chemical and physical methods. Mechanical methods could include the use of small cutting boats. Although these cutting boats are initially expensive, in the long-term these boats are often more cost effective than glyphosate-based herbicides. Glyphosate based herbicides must be applied several times per month depending on the conditions. Over time this continuous use of glyphosate based herbicides leads to herbicide tolerant weeds meaning larger and larger doses must be used to kill weeds,and as previously mentioned this could increase the amount of harmful cyanobacteria in waterways.

In comparison cutting boats function like lawnmowers where weeds never become immune to being cut and would not increase cyanobacteria. A local Florida company selling small cutting boats would be Weedoo Greenboat( https://www.weedooboats.com/ ). Less expensive weed cutters can be attached to already existing boats such as the Aquatic Mower( www.aquaticmowers.com ). Also, dock or frame-based weed cutters can be used such as the Lake Groomer( https://www.lakegroomer.net/ ).

Biological methods would depend on the type of weeds growing in the water body. Depending on the weeds this could include stocking the pond with plant-eating fish such as triploid grass carp. Chemical methods would also depend on the species of weeds in the water body. Species such as Hydrilla verticillata, Stuckenia pectinatus, and Spartina alterniflora can be controlled with vinegar(4%-20% acetic acid) based herbicides(Anderson 2007). The EPA allows vinegar(up to 8% acetic acid) to be added to a formulation as an “inert ingredient”(EPA 2016). Even if a 20% acetic acid solution were used there is a part of federal law which states that if a product clearly has uses other than as a herbicide and no claims about that product having herbicidal uses are made, it does not have to be registered. Acetic acid has numerous other uses so it falls under this category. The MSDS for vinegar at 7% acetic acid indicates LD50(oral,rat) = 47286 mg/kg.(MSDS Vinegar) In comparison the World Health Organizations indicates for glyphosate LD50(oral,rat) = 4230 mg/kg(World Health Organization 2004). Therefore, vinegar is far less acutely toxic than glyphosate and homeowners would be very happy to know that vinegar(at 7% acetic acid) is >10 times less acutely toxic than glyphosate. Even at 20% acetic acid the MSDS indicates Acute Oral LD50 (Rat): >5,000 mg/kg
(MSDS Horticultural Vinegar) which is still not as acutely toxic as glyphosate. However, this still does not take into consideration that in most cases pure glyphosate is not used and formulations, such as Roundup, which include glyphosate as the active ingredient tend to be more toxic than glyphosate by itself.(Mesnage 2014, Benachour 2008) Also, this does not consider the toxicity of AMPA(aminomethyl-phosphonic acid), a metabolite of glyphosate, which is considered even more toxic than glyphosate.(Benachour 2008)

If the weeds are below the surface of the water, permanent control of weeds can be achieved with barriers. These function by blocking light to the plants, stopping photosynthesis, killing the weeds. These include examples such as LakeMat Pro( https://www.lakemat.com/lakemat-pro/ ) which float above the surface of the water, or Lake Bottom Blanket( http://lakebottomblanket.com ) which float above the benthos layer of the lake. This can provide permanent weed control for smaller water bodies.

What can you do?

Stop using glyphosate-based herbicides and urge your neighbors, friends and relatives to do so as well. Contact your city council members and ask them to ban or severely restrict glyphosate use on city-owned properties. This can be done by adopting a resolution similar to North Miami.(North Miami 2018) Contact local stores that sell glyphosate-based herbicides such as Lowes and Home Depot and urge them to stop selling it. Buy organic food which does not allow glyphosate to be used.

References:

Abarikwu SO, Akiri OF, Durojaiye MA, et al. Combined effects of repeated administration of Bretmont Wipeout (glyphosate) and Ultrazin (atrazine) on testosterone, oxidative stress and sperm quality of Wistar rats. Toxicol Mech Methods. 2015;25:70-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25403740

Albadrani, M., Alhasson, F., Dattaroy, D., Chandrashekaran, V., Seth, R., Nagarkatti, M., Nagarkatti, P. and Chatterjee, S., 2017. Microcystin exposure Exacerbates Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) via NOX2 Dependent Activation of miR21-induced Inflammatory Pathways. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 112, p.61. https://www.sciencedirect.com/…/artic…/pii/S0891584917308675

Anderson, L. W. (2007). Potential for sediment-applied acetic acid for control of invasive Spartina alterniflora. J. Aquat. Plant Manage, 45, 100-105. www.apms.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2007/12/v45p100.pdf

Battaglin, W.A., M.T. Meyer, K.M. Kuivila, et al. Glyphosate and Its Degradation Product AMPA Occur Frequently and Widely in U.S. Soils, Surface Water, Groundwater, and Precipitation. J Am Water Resour Assoc. 2014;50: 275-290. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/…/10.1111/jawr.12159/abstract

Baum Hedlund (2018) Where is glyphosate banned? https://www.baumhedlundlaw.com/…/where-is-glyphosate-banned/

Benachour, N., & Séralini, G. E. (2008). Glyphosate formulations induce apoptosis and necrosis in human umbilical, embryonic, and placental cells.Chemical research in toxicology, 22(1), 97-105. http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/tx800218n

Benbrook, C. M. Trends in glyphosate herbicide use in the United States and globally. Environ Sci Eur. 2016;28:3 http://enveurope.springeropen.com/…/10.11…/s12302-016-0070-0

Benedetti AL, Vituri CdL, Trentin AG, et al. The effects of sub-chronic exposure of Wistar rats to the herbicide Glyphosate-Biocarb. Toxicol Lett. 2004;153:227–232 http://www.sciencedirect.com/…/article/pii/S0378427404002188

CBS/AP (2018) Bayer shares slump after $289M Monsanto Roundup verdict https://www.cbsnews.com/…/bayer-shares-slump-after-289m-mo…/

Clair E, Mesnage R, Travert C, et al. A glyphosate-based herbicide induces necrosis and apoptosis in mature rat testicular cells in vitro, and testosterone decrease at lower levels. Toxicol In Vitro 2012;26:269-79. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22200534

Community News (2018) Miami Beach Passes Ban on Herbicides with Glyphosate https://communitynewspapers.com/…/miami-beach-passes-ban-o…/

Antonio de Freitas Goncalves Junior, Alex Lucas Hanusch, Rafael Cosme Machado, Thiago Lopes Rocha, Gabriel Luis Castiglioni, Maria do Carmo Bittencourt-Oliveira, Jayme Cunha Bastos and Simone Maria Teixeira de Saboia-Morais, 2017. Glyphosate-based herbicide induces growth of three cyanobacteria species and cytogenotoxic effects on guppy Poecilia reticulata. Biological Systems: Open Access 2017, 6:1(Suppl) DOI: 10.4172/2329-6577-C1-009

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Gasnier C, Dumont C, Benachour N, et al. Glyphosate-based herbicides are toxic and endocrine disruptors in human cell lines. Toxicology. 2009;262:184-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19539684

Glyphosate Studies https://gmofreeusa.org/resea…/glyphosate/glyphosate-studies/

Harris, T. D., & Smith, V. H. (2016). Do persistent organic pollutants stimulate cyanobacterial blooms?. Inland Waters, 6(2), 124-130. http://hpkx.cnjournals.com/…/n…/2016-04-29/887-5590-1-PB.pdf

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https://www.tandfonline.com/d…/pdf/10.1080/00173138909431014

Majewski, M. S., Coupe, R. H., Foreman, W. T., et al. Pesticides in Mississippi air and rain: a comparison between 1995 and 2007. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:1283-1293. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24549493

Mesnage, R., Defarge, N., Spiroux de Vendômois, J., & Séralini, G. E. (2014). Major pesticides are more toxic to human cells than their declared active principles. BioMed research international, 2014. http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3955666

Mesnage, R., Arno, M., Costanzo, et al. (2015) Transcriptome profile analysis reflects rat liver and kidney damage following chronic ultra-low dose Roundup exposure. Environ Health 2015;14:70. https://ehjournal.biomedcentral.com/…/10.…/s12940-015-0056-1

Mesnage, R. et al. Multiomics reveal non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats following chronic exposure to an ultra-low dose of Roundup herbicide. Sci Rep. 2017;7:39328; doi: 10.1038/srep39328 http://www.nature.com/articles/srep39328

Mills, P. J., Kania-Korwel, I., Fagan, J., McEvoy, L. K., Laughlin, G. A., & Barrett-Connor, E. (2017). Excretion of the herbicide glyphosate in older adults between 1993 and 2016. Jama, 318(16), 1610-1611. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2658306

MSDS Horticultural Vinegar https://www.msdsdigital.com/munger-horticultural-vinegar-pl…

MSDS Vinegar https://web.archive.org/…/scien…/msdsweb/vinegar7Percent.htm

Moms Across America (2018) 10 Alternatives to Roundup. https://www.momsacrossamerica.com/10_alternatives_to_roundup

Mulholland, M. R., Bernhardt, P. W., Heil, C. A., Bronk, D. A., & O’Neil, J. M. (2006). Nitrogen fixation and release of fixed nitrogen by Trichodesmium spp. in the Gulf of Mexico. Limnol. Oceanogr, 51(4), 1762-1776. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/…/25f68b9f3724794d9d818259…

Myers, J.P., Antoniou, M.N., Blumberg, B., et al. Concerns over use of glyphosate-based herbicides and risks associated with exposures: a consensus statement. Environmental Health 2016:15:19 http://ehjournal.biomedcentral.com/…/10.1…/s12940-016-0117-0

North Miami Resolution (2017) http://www.northmiamifl.gov/…/AgendasMinut…/TABK01242017.pdf

Owagboriaye, F. O., Dedeke, G. A., Ademolu, K. O., Olujimi, O. O., Ashidi, J. S., & Adeyinka, A. A. (2017). Reproductive toxicity of Roundup herbicide exposure in male albino rat. Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology, 69(7), 461-468. https://www.sciencedirect.com/…/artic…/pii/S0940299316302585

Parvez, S., Gerona, R.R., Proctor, C., Friesen, M., Ashby, J.L., Reiter, J.L., Lui, Z. and Winchester, P.D., 2018. Glyphosate exposure in pregnancy and shortened gestational length: a prospective Indiana birth cohort study. Environmental Health, 17(1), p.23. https://ehjournal.biomedcentral.com/…/10…/s12940-018-0367-0…

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